摘要信息：研究目的： 明确西维来司他钠治疗伴有SIRS的轻中度ARDS的有效性及安全性。 研究内容 本研究通过计算机随机，将伴有SIRS的轻中度ARDS患者随机分为安慰剂组和西维来司他钠组, 观察两组患者入组时(D0), 第1(D1)，3(D3)，5(D5)天氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)，呼吸频率，28天内有创机械通气率、无机械通气时间、住ICU时间、住院时间、ICU获得性感染发生率、28天全因病死率、ICU病死率等，以评价西维来司他钠治疗伴有SIRS的轻中度ARDS患者肺损伤的效果，以期改善轻中度ARDS患者氧合、增加无机械通气时间、降低ARDS病死率。 纳入标准： (1)18岁≤年龄≤75岁成年病人，其种族、国籍、性别不限； (2)研究符合赫尔辛基宣言及中国临床试验研究法规，病人或其家属知情并同意参加试验； (3)入住ICU依据2012柏林标准诊断ARDS 72 h以内，且氧合指数介于150-300mmHg, 并伴有全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者 (ARDS柏林标准和SIRS诊断标准见附录)； 排除标准： (1)慢性呼吸疾病的病史； (2)单纯的心源性肺水肿； (3)APACH2评分≥21分； (4)合并终末期疾病，或者临床主管医生判断近期患者预后不良； (5)ARDS病程>3天； (6)粒细胞缺乏或者接收免疫抑制剂或大剂量激素(甲强龙>40 mg)患者； (7)怀孕或哺乳； (8)曾经参与过本项研究； (9)不同意参加本试验； 主要观察指标： 1) 72 h氧合改善率[(D3氧合指数-D0氧合指数)/D0氧合指数]； 2) 28天无机械通气时间； 次要观察指标: 1) 28天有创机械通气率； 2) 28天住ICU时间； 3) 28天住院时间； 4) 28天全因病死率； 5) ICU病死率； 6)28天获得性感染发生率(定义为：实验室核酸或培养确诊的继发感染)； 7)血浆中NE及炎症因子IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平变化； 8)28天严重不良事件频率； 9) D1和D5氧合改善率；

摘要信息：目的 观察中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)抑制剂对高血压性脑出血(HICH)患者实施穿刺引流术后氧化应激和炎性介质的影响及对神经功能的保护作用。方法 选择2016年1月至2017年6月收治的146 例 HICH 患者为研究对象,根据随机数字分为观察组(75 例)和对照组(71例)。对照组患者行软通道穿刺引流术后予常规临床治疗;观察组患者通过微量泵静脉注射NE抑制剂西维来司钠注射液0.20 mg/(kg·h),连续用药7 d。术前与术后3 d、7 d,检测两组患者的氧化应激指标与血清炎性因子指标;术后7d评估神经功能缺损评分。结果:术后3d、7d,观察组的血清丙二醛水平显著低于对照组,超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平均显著高于对照组。术后3d7d,观察组多形核白细胞比例、肿瘤坏死因子、白介素(Ⅱ)-6、8、超敏C反应蛋白均显著低于对照组(均 P<0.05)。术后7 d,观察组的 NIHSS 评分低于对照组(8.3 +2.2 us 9.2±1.9),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05):总有效率高于对照组(88.0%u 78.9%)，但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 HICH术后加用 NE 抑制剂能明显抑制机体氧化应激反应和炎性反应,有助于患者术后神经功能的改善。

摘要信息：[摘要] 目的 探讨中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)与皮层下动脉硬化性脑病(SAE)的相关性。方法 选择 SAE 患者 60 例,按 GOTO 分型分为I型、Ⅱ 型及 Ш型即 A、B、C组,各 20 例,另选健康体检者 20 例设为对照组,检测各组血浆 NE含量。结果，对照织与病例组 NE含量差异均有统计学意义(均 P< 0.05):不同严重程度组间 NE含量差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05):I型与Ⅲ型组 NE含量差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。结论SAE 患者血浆 NE水平随着病情严重程度加重而升高。

摘要信息：【摘要】目的 探讨重度脑卒中患者急性期血浆中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)的含量、变化及其临床意义。方法收集重度急性脑卒中患者 20 例(实验组),分别监测发病后 12h、24h、48h、72h及7d的血浆中NE含量,健康对照组 20 例。结果 实验组在7d观察中死亡2例,健康对照组 NE 含量(17.7±8.0)ng/ml。重度脑卒中患者发病72h时血浆中 NE含量与健康对照组、12h及7d时间点差异有统计学意义(均P< 0.05),其血浆中 NE 含量在发病 24h开始升高,72h时达到高峰,7d后复査恢复正常。结论、重度脑卒中患者血浆中 NE 含量升高,呈动态变化。在发病后 72h达高峰,此时更易发生炎症级联反应甚至导致 SIRS,为进一步研究相关问题提供了一定的理论依据。

摘要信息：【摘要】 目的 系统评价创伤性脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)在中国的流行病学特征和疾病经济负担。方法 计算机检索 PubMed、EMbase、WanFang Data、VIP 和 CNKI数据库,搜集有关中国 SCI流行病学和疾病经济负担的研究,检索时限均从1978年1月1日至2017年8月30日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后，采用 Stata12.0软件进行合并分析。结果 共纳人 32篇文献。Meta 分析结果显示:我国 SCI年患病率为 37人次/100万[95%CI(21,53)],平均年龄范围 34.7~54.4岁,男性高于女性。汽车碰撞和高空坠落是 SCI的主要原因。SCI严重程度从 A~E级(ASIA 分级)不等,以A级为主,E级比例最低。结论，当前证据显示，我国 SCI发病率较高,具有较高的社会和医疗负担,SCI主要由汽车碰撞和高空坠落弓起。受纳入研究数量和质量的限制，上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。

摘要信息：Background:This study reports a 10-year retrospective analysis of multiple trauma complicated by pulmonary contusion. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the risk factors for mortality due to trauma in patients with pulmonary contusion, the impact of various treatment options for prognosis, and the risk factors for concurrent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 252 trauma patients with lung contusion admitted to the General Hospital of Guangzhou Command from January 2000 to June 2011 by using the statistical processing system SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Results:We included 252 patients in our study, including 214 males and 38 females. The average age was 37.1 ± 14.9 years. There were 110 cases admitted to the ICU, of which 26 cases with ARDS. Nine of the 252 patients died. We compared those who survived with those who died by gender and age, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.199, P = 0.200). Separate univariate analysis of those who died and those who survived found that shock on admission (P = 0.000), coagulation disorders (P = 0.000), gastrointestinal bleeding (P = 0.02), the need for emergency surgery on admission (P = 0.000), pre-hospital intubation (P = 0.000), blood transfusion within 24 hours (P = 0.006), the use of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.000), and concurrent ARDS (P = 0.000) are poor prognosis risk factors. Further logistic analysis, including the admission GCS score (OR = 0.708, 95% CI 0.516-0.971, P = 0.032), ISS score (OR 1.135, 95% CI 1.006-1.280, P = 0.039), and concurrent ARDS (OR = 15.814, 95% CI 1.819-137.480, P = 0.012), identified the GCS score, ISS score and concurrent ARDS as independent risk factors of poor prognosis. Shock (OR = 9.121, 95% CI 0.857-97.060, P = 0.067) was also related to poor prognosis. Patients with injury factors such as road accident, falling injury, blunt injury and crush injury, et al.(P = 0.039), infection (P = 0.005), shock (P = 0.004), coagulation disorders (P = 0.006), emergency surgery (P = 0.01), pre-hospital intubation (P = 0.000), chest tube insertion (P = 0.004), blood transfusion (P = 0.000), usage of hormones (P = 0.002), phlegm (P = 0.000), ventilation (P = 0.000) were at a significantly increased risk for ARDS complications. Conclusions:Those patients with multiple trauma and pulmonary contusion admitted to the hospital with shock, coagulopathy, a need for emergency surgery, pre-hospital intubation, and a need for mechanical ventilation could have a significantly increased risk of mortality and ARDS incidence. A risk for poor prognosis was associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. A high ISS score, high APACHE2, and low GCS score were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. If patients developed an infection or were given drainage, hormones, and phlegm treatment, they were at higher risk of ARDS. Pre-hospital intubation and drainage were independent risk factors for ARDS. In patients with ARDS, the ICU stay, total length of stay, and hospital costs might increase significantly. A GCS score < 5.5, APACHE 2 score > 16.5, and ISS score > 20.5 could be considered indicators of poor prognosis for patients with multiple trauma and lung contusion.

摘要信息：Background:There are conflicting views on the of sivelestat sodium (sivelestat-Na) on acute lung injury. Methods:The efficacy of sivelestat-Na on aspiration-related acute lung injury was analyzed by reviewing case reports published before or after the appearance of the drug on the clinical practice in Japan. Data were analyzed from the 23 sivelestat-treated cases and 5 non-sivelestat cases. Results:Sivelestat-Na was administered by 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) for 10 +/- 4 (mean +/- SD) days. PaO2/ ratio increased significantly from 124 +/- 59 mmHg of baseline to 253 +/- 79 mmHg on the third and to 361 +/- 84 mmHg on the termination of the therapy. Significantly better response was observed if the drug was administered within 24 hours after aspiration for patients with background of neurological disease, in which the increases in the P/F ratio were greater and the duration of the drug administration was shorter compared with other patients. In comparison with the non-sivelestat cases, sivelestat-Na therapy appears to be associated with shorter ventilator days or higher P/F increase, although sivelestat-Na costs higher. Conclusions:These results suggest the possibility of conducting prospective clinical trials to assess the efficacy of early sivelestat-Na therapy for aspiration-related acute lung injury.