摘要信息：【摘 要】 目的 观察西维来司他钠联合气道压力释放通气(APRV)在创伤所致重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2021年1月一2022年12月厦门市海沧医院收治的创伤所致重度 ARDS 患者 80 例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各 40 例。在常规对症处理基础上,对照组予 APRV 治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用注射用西维来司他钠治疗,2组均持续治疗1周。比较2组患者预后情况(机械通气时间、ICU 住院时间和病死率),治疗前后炎性因子[白介素-6(1L-6)、降钙素原(PCT)、C 反应蛋白(CRP)]、血气指标[二氧化碳分压(PaC0,)、动脉血氧分压(Pa0,)、Pa0,/Fi0,]和肺功能[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV,)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV,FVC]。结果 观察组病死率为2.50%,低于对照组的22.50%( =7.314,P=0.007);观察组机械通气时间与 ICU住院时间均短于对照组(P 均<0.01);治疗1周后,2 组 Ⅱ-6、PCT、CRP、PaC0,水平均较治疗前降低,Pa0,、Pa0,FiO,、FEV,、FVC、FEV,/FVC 均较治疗前升高,且观察组降低或升高的程度大于对照组(P均<0.01)。结论 西维来司他钠联合 APRV 在创伤所致重度 ARDS 治疗中应用效果较好,能改善患者血气指标,减轻炎性反应,提升肺功能,进而促进其快速康复,利于改善疾病预后。

摘要信息：Background:Acryloyl chloride is a highly toxic volatile liquid that can cause pulmonary edema. However, no sufficient treatment reports have been published to date. Here, we report a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by acryloyl chloride inhalation. Case presentation:The patient was a 36-year-old man with accidental exposure to acryloyl chloride. The patient had dyspnea and wet cough, with approximately 88% percutaneous oxygen saturation at room air. He was diagnosed with ARDS and admitted to the intensive care unit. Initially, he was treated with a high-flow nasal cannula and sivelestat sodium. However, due to the possibility of delayed exacerbation, the patient was switched to methylprednisolone. Oxygenation gradually improved, and the patient was discharged on the day 8 of hospitalization. Conclusion:We report the case of a patient who developed ARDS with delayed exacerbation after the inhalation of acryloyl chloride, which was treated without endotracheal intubation.

摘要信息：硝酸和氢氟酸等强酸性物质具有很强的氧化性,被广泛应用于工业生产中,强酸吸入引起化学性肺炎偶见报道。严重的化学性肺炎会引起急性肺水肿，出现危及生命的急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acuterespiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)。目前针对化学性肺炎的治疗不仅缺乏统一标准，而且强烈依赖于激素、抗感染等传统治疗方案。西维来司他钠为新型 ARDS 治疗药物,其面世弥补了 ARDS 临床治疗手段的匮乏。本文报道了1例早期应用西维来司他钠成功治疗硝酸氢氟酸混合物吸入致ARDS 的病例，以分享救治体会。

摘要信息：【摘 要】 目的 观察西维来司他钠联合气道压力释放通气(APRV)治疗创伤所致重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的疗效及对血气指标、炎性因子和预后的影响。方法选取2020年4月一2021年4月徐州仁慈医院重症医学科收治创伤所致重度 ARDS 患者 80 例,随机数字表法分为观察组(40 例)和对照组(40 例)。2 组均予基础治疗,对照组加用 APRV 治疗,观察组加用 APRV 治疗和西维来司他钠治疗。比较2组治疗期间血清炎性因子、血气和血流动力学指标、急性生理和慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分变化,以及机械通气时间.ICU 住院时间、病死率差异。结果 2组治疗7d后血清 PCT、IL6、CRP水平、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA 评分较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组血清 PCT、IL6、CRP水平低于对照组(t/P =9.309/0.000、12.221/0.000、5.471/0.000)。2 组患者治疗期间 Pa0,、Pa0,/ Fi0,增高,PaC0,降低(P<0.05),HR、CVP、MAP 下降后又回升(P<0.05),观察组患者治疗24 h、72h时 PaO,、PaO, /FO,、HR、CVP、MAP 高于对照组,PaC0,低于对照组(治疗24 h:t/P=2.092/0.0405.931/0.000、2.854/0.006、3.683/0.002、3.978/0.000、2.063/0.042;治疗72 h: t/P = 2.202/0.031、3. 177/0.0025.380/0.000、10.125/0.000、5.993/0.000、4.314/0.000)。2 组患者机械通气时间、ICU 住院时间、病死率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 西维来司他钠联合 APRV 可降低血清炎性因子水平,提高氧合指数,但不能缩短机械通气时间和住院时间、降低病死率。

摘要信息：摘 要 中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)是由多形核中性粒细胞释放的弹性蛋白酶,在肺部炎症性疾病发病机制中,既有有利作用,又有不利作用,与体内 NE-抗 NE平衡有关。本文又综述了通过维持 NE-抗 NE平衡来治疗几种炎症性疾病的研究进展及目前存在的问题。

摘要信息：Background:There are conflicting views on the of sivelestat sodium (sivelestat-Na) on acute lung injury. Methods:The efficacy of sivelestat-Na on aspiration-related acute lung injury was analyzed by reviewing case reports published before or after the appearance of the drug on the clinical practice in Japan. Data were analyzed from the 23 sivelestat-treated cases and 5 non-sivelestat cases. Results:Sivelestat-Na was administered by 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) for 10 +/- 4 (mean +/- SD) days. PaO2/ ratio increased significantly from 124 +/- 59 mmHg of baseline to 253 +/- 79 mmHg on the third and to 361 +/- 84 mmHg on the termination of the therapy. Significantly better response was observed if the drug was administered within 24 hours after aspiration for patients with background of neurological disease, in which the increases in the P/F ratio were greater and the duration of the drug administration was shorter compared with other patients. In comparison with the non-sivelestat cases, sivelestat-Na therapy appears to be associated with shorter ventilator days or higher P/F increase, although sivelestat-Na costs higher. Conclusions:These results suggest the possibility of conducting prospective clinical trials to assess the efficacy of early sivelestat-Na therapy for aspiration-related acute lung injury.

摘要信息：The patient was a 67-year-old man with diabetes mellitus who had been to a hot spring spa a few days before his admission. The diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia was made using a urinary antigen assay. Intravenous pazufloxacin and oral clarithromycin were started. However, despite these treatments, he developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). He was administered the combination of intravenous pazufloxacin and erythromycin, corticosteroid, and sivelestat for two weeks. Then he was successfully recovered. The outcome suggests that treatment with corticosteroid and sivelestat, in addition to a combination of appropriate anti-Legionella antibiotics, should be considered for patients with severe Legionella pneumonia with ARDS.

摘要信息：It is important to regulate excessive inflammation when patients with severe infectious disease are treated. Sivelestat sodium hydrate (sivelestat), a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, is used in the treatment of lung injury but its effect on bacterial pneumonia is unknown. The authors examined the efficacy of sivelestat in combination with a fluoroquinolone in a Legionella pneumophila pneumonia mouse model. The combination therapy did not show a significant survival improvement compared to the treatment with fluoroquinolone alone, but reduced bacteria number and inflammatory cells in the early phase. The combination therapy can contribute to treatment of L. pneumophila pneumonia with protecting lungs.

摘要信息：In 2011, during the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, 90% of victims died from drowning. We report on two tsunami survivors with severe pneumonia potentially caused by Legionella pneumophila. Both victims aspirated a large quantity of contaminated water; sand, mud and a variety of microbes were thought to have entered into their lower respiratory tracts. One patient had a mycotic intracranial aneurysm; the other patient had co-infections with several organisms, including Scedosporium species. Although scedosporiosis is a relatively rare infectious disease, symptoms are progressive and prognosis is poor. These pathogens are not specific for tsunami lung, but are reported causative agents for pneumonia after near-drowning.

摘要信息：Background and purpose: Acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia is a life-threatening complication after lung cancer surgery. Dorsal subpleural fibrotic changes occupying 3 or more segments of both lower lobes on high-resolution computed tomography indicate a very high risk. We conducted a prospective phase II study to assess the efficacy of prophylactic treatment. Methods: Patients with lung cancer underwent high-resolution computed tomography preoperatively to assess the risk of acute exacerbations of interstitial pneumonia. Before induction of general anesthesia, high-risk patients received 125 mg of methylprednisolone as an intravenous bolus and sivelestat sodium hydrate 300 mg ·day(-1) as a continuous intravenous infusion. From January 2010 through August 2011, a total of 327 patients underwent surgery for lung cancer, and 31 (9.5%) were enrolled. Results: There was no case of acute exacerbation. No adverse events were associated with prophylaxis. Usual interstitial pneumonia was confirmed histopathologically in 25 (80.6%) patients. Four (12.9%) patients had major complications. Usual interstitial pneumonia was diagnosed postoperatively in 4 (1.4%) of 327 patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria, and 1 of these patients died due to acute exacerbation of occult interstitial pneumonia. Conclusion: Perioperative use of sivelestat sodium hydrate and low-dose methylprednisolone may be useful as prophylaxis for acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia.