注射用西维来司他钠对脓毒症患者序贯性器官功能衰竭评分的影响:一项随机、 双盲、安慰剂对照研究
摘要信息:项目名称: 注射用西维来司他钠对脓毒症患者序贯性器官功能衰竭评分的影响:一项随机、 双盲、安慰剂对照研究 研究目的:评价注射用西维来司他钠对序贯性器官功能衰竭的影响。 研究设计:临床干预研究 样本量:纳入60例患者 纳入标准: (1)年龄≥18 周岁且≤80 周岁,性别不限; (2)符合 ARDS 柏林标准; (3)符合脓毒症 3.0 诊断标准,即对于确诊或可疑的感染患者,序贯性器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA)较基线上升≥2分; (4)确诊或可疑的细菌感染(肺部、腹腔或血行感染); (5)出现感染相关的器官功能衰竭不超过 72 小时; 器官功能衰竭定义为循环、呼吸、肾脏、肝脏、凝血和中枢神经系统中至少一个器官或系统的序贯性器官功能衰竭;评分(SOFA)≥3 分(即筛选期任意时间点新出现的SOFA评分≥3分); (6)育龄患者近半年内无育儿计划且同意在研究期间采取有效措施避孕; (7)患者或法定代理人签署知情同意。 排除标准: 有以下情况之一者不能入选本试验: (1)妊娠期(筛选期尿妊娠试验阳性)或哺乳期女性; (2)预期生存时间少于 48h; (3)患者存在终末期恶性肿瘤、终末期肺病等终末期疾病,或入组前 30 天内发生过心跳骤停; (4)患者存在以下慢性器官功能不全或免疫功能抑制(根据APACHE II 评分的慢性健康评分评估):1)心脏:纽约心脏病协会心功能IV级;2)呼吸:慢性限制性、阻塞性或血管性肺疾病导致活动重度受限,即不能上楼或不能做家务;或明确的慢性低氧、CO2潴留、继发性真红细胞增多症、重度肺动脉 高压(收缩压>40mmHg)或呼吸机依赖;3)肾脏:接受长期透析治疗;4)肝脏:活检证实的肝硬化及明确的门脉高压;既往因门脉高压引起的上消化道出血;或既往发生肝功能衰竭/肝性脑病/肝昏迷,黄疸;5)免疫功能抑制: 接受的治疗措施影响感染抵抗力(如免疫功能抑制治疗, 6 个月内接受过放疗或化疗,长期(连续使用≥3 周)和/或近期(筛选前 5 天内)使用大剂量激素(强的松或等效剂量≥0.3mg/kg/d)), 或罹患疾病影响感染抵抗力(如白血病、淋巴瘤和 AIDS); (5)既往接受过实体器官或骨髓移植; (6)植物生存状态; (7)入组前 4 周内出现以下情况:1)急性肺栓塞;2)输血反应;3)急性冠脉综合征; (8)确诊或高度疑似病毒性肝炎活动期,或临床确诊活动期结核病; (9)心动过缓的患者(心率每分钟低于 60 次); (10)既往 24 小时内存在未控制的出血(临床判断需要输血支持者); (11)大面积烧伤或化学灼伤(III 度烧伤面积>30%BSA) (12)经过充分液体复苏及血管活性药物治疗后平均动脉压<65mmHg; (13)急性骨髓造血抑制,如表现为粒细胞缺乏(ANC<500/mm3); (14)对试验用药物有效成分或其辅料过敏; (15)患者正在使用的药物可能严重影响试验药物的代谢; (16)患者和(或)法定代理人签署不抢救预嘱(DNR),或决定撤除生命支持治疗(withdraw)或限制生命支持治疗强度(withhold)并签署相关知情同意书; (17)近 3 个月内参加过临床干预性试验; (18)受试者为研究人员或其直系亲属,或可能存在不当知情同意的患者; (19)研究者认为不宜参加本试验的患者。 主次要终点: 主要疗效终点: 首次给药后第 8 天 (D7 末次给药后 24h 内), SOFA评分较基线的变化值。 评价方法: 评价基线期 SOFA 评分、首次给药后第8天(D7末次给药后24h内),以计算较基线变化值。 SOFA评分标准参考《中国脓毒症/脓毒性休克急诊治疗指南(2018)》 次要疗效终点 (1)首次给药后第 1 天、第 3 天、第 5 天血浆和肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶活性、 NETs( MPODNA、 NE-DNA 和 H3Cit-DNA)水平; 血栓调节蛋白(TM); TNF-α、 IL-6 水平; (2)临床结局复合终点:首次给药后 28 天全因死亡和继续需要 ICU 住院的患者比例; (3)首次给药后 7 天全因死亡的患者比例 (4)首次给药后 7 天内转出 ICU 的患者比例 (5)首次给药后第 1 天、第 3 天、第 5 天 SOFA 评分较基线的变化值; (6)首次给药后 28 天内生命支持治疗(血管活性药物、机械通气、 CRRT)的需求率、使用时间和不使用时间 (7)首次给药后 28 天内住和不住 ICU 的时间; (8)首次给药后院内继发感染; (9)28 天内无有创机械通气时间(单位为小时)
西维来司他钠治疗新冠感染患者的有效性及安全性研究
摘要信息:研究目的: 探讨西维来司他钠治疗新冠感染患者的有效性及安全性。 入选标准 (1)年龄≥18岁; (2)确诊为新型冠状病毒感染(原名新型冠状病毒肺炎); (3)100mmHg≤PaO2/FiO2≤300mmHg。 排除标准 (1)诊疗资料缺失严重的患者; (2)妊娠期、哺乳期女性; (3)西维来司他钠用药时间<72h; (4)合并恶性肿瘤或其他疾病的终末期; (5)合并严重慢性呼吸系统疾病; (6)经研究者判定不适合入选的其它情况。 研究方案 总体设计 本研究是一项多中心、回顾性、空白对照临床研究,收集本医院2022年11月至2023年11月确诊新冠感染的患者,后期将根据是否使用西维来司他钠进行分组,使用西维来司他钠的患者为西维来司他钠组,未使用西维来司他钠的患者为对照组。患者基本数据从电子病例系统中收集,因本研究为回顾性研究,知情同意得以豁免。病史收集中,以患者的真实诊疗记录为准,直至研究结束。患者治疗和临床管理将根据当地临床实践和适用的法规进行,本研究仅记录真实发生后的诊疗内容。 疗效指标: 主要终点:28天非机械通气时间(h) 次要终点: 用药后第1天、第3天、第5天、第7天、第10天、第14天:氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2);炎症指标(白细胞计数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、白介素1-β、白介素-6、白介素-8、白介素-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α);器官功能指标(血清铁蛋白、总胆红素、肌酐、D-二聚体、PaCO2);预后指标(肺顺应性、APACHE II评分、Murray肺损伤评分、SOFA评分);影像学指标(胸片/CT评分)。气管插管时间(h)、ICU住院天数(d)、住院天数(d)、俯卧位情况、气管切开情况、治疗情况。 安全性指标 导致研究药物减量或停药的不良事件。
注射用西维来司他钠和地塞米松治疗不同病因ARDS的(STAR)疗效和安全性:一项前瞻性、多中心、双盲、双模拟随机对照临床研究的预试验
摘要信息:研究题目:注射用西维来司他钠和地塞米松治疗不同病因ARDS的(STAR)疗效和安全性:一项前瞻性、多中心、双盲、双模拟随机对照临床研究的预实验 研究目的: 比较注射用西维来司他钠与常规治疗组之间治疗中重度ARDS患者的临床疗效(随机后28天内VFD) 比较地塞米松与常规治疗组之间治疗中重度ARDS患者的临床疗效(随机后28天内VFD) 研究设计: 前瞻性、多中心、双盲、双模拟随机对照试验,根据疾病严重程度(PaO2/FiO2 >100 mmHg vs. PaO2/FiO2 ≤100 mmHg)分层,采用中央随机系统进行分层区组随机,以1:1:1比例将中重度ARDS患者随机分入西维来司他钠治疗组(西维来司他钠+地塞米松安慰剂)、地塞米松治疗组(地塞米松+西维来司他钠安慰剂)或常规治疗组(西维来司他钠安慰剂+地塞米松安慰剂)。 研究人群: 纳入标准:(1)年龄≥18岁;(2)处于急性发作期的中重度ARDS患者,符合中重度ARDS诊断标准:①由急性风险因素引发,如肺炎、非肺部感染、创伤、输血、误吸或休克。肺水肿不完全或主要归因于心源性肺水肿/液体超负荷,低氧血症/气体交换异常也不主要归因于肺不张。然而,如果存在ARDS的易感风险因素,则可以在存在这些条件的情况下诊断ARDS。②在危险因素预估出现或出现新的或恶化的呼吸道症状的1周内,低氧性呼吸衰竭急性发作或恶化。③胸片和CT上双侧阴影,或超声双侧B线和/或实变,不能完全用积液、肺不张或结节/肿块来解释。④PaO2/FiO2 ≤200 mm Hg或SpO2/FiO2≤235(如果SpO2≤97%)。(3)中重度ARDS发作后72小时内接受气管插管机械通气;(4)ARDS发作到随机分组在72小时以内(以病历记录的发作时间为起始点);(5)本人或家属自愿参加研究,并签署知情同意书。 排除标准:妊娠期或哺乳期;脑死亡;晚期癌症或其它终末期疾病;西维来司他钠或地塞米松过敏史;严重慢性阻塞性肺病;严重心脑血管疾病病史,如心力衰竭、未控的冠心病、心肌病、未控的心律失常、未控的高血压或既往半年内的心梗或脑梗病史;器官移植或异体干细胞移植者;致命性活动性真菌感染;患有影响自主呼吸的神经肌肉疾病;遗传性或获得性严重免疫缺陷,如人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染、慢性肉芽肿性疾病、严重联合免疫缺陷;患者和(或)法定代理人签署不抢救预嘱,或放弃治疗者;正在参加其他临床试验者。 样本量: 本研究采用适应性研究设计,第一阶段拟计划入组研究对象300例,每组各100例。第一阶段研究结束后进行一次期中分析,根据期中分析结果决定最终的干预组别(西维来司他钠组和/或地塞米松组),并根据样本参数重新计算本研究的最终样本量。 干预措施: 患者随机分为3组:西维来司他钠治疗组(西维来司他钠+地塞米松安慰剂)、地塞米松治疗组(地塞米松+西维来司他钠安慰剂)或常规治疗组(西维来司他钠安慰剂+地塞米松安慰剂) 用法用量:西维来司他钠/西维来司他钠安慰剂:4.8mg/kg/d,静脉持续输注14天或至转出ICU当天(14天内);地塞米松/地塞米松安慰剂: 10mg,从第1天至第5天每天静脉注射一次,或持续给药至患者拔管(5天内)。 三组研究对象均接受常规治疗,按照重症诊疗指南接受支持性的基础治疗,不作严格限定。由主治医师根据患者临床情况决定合适的脱机时机。三组患者每天通过ARDSnet方案的自主呼吸试验评估脱机指征,在FiO2≤0.5时仍可维持适当的氧合状态,如果没有特殊的原因即可拔管。 其他干预措施:在脓毒性休克的情况下,允许使用应激剂量的皮质类固醇,以氢化可的松的形式,每日剂量≤300 mg;以下免疫调节剂不允许使用:血必净、乌司他丁、胸腺肽、IVIG;支持性管理没有严格控制,但要求工作人员遵循标准指导方针。 随机化过程: 根据疾病严重程度(PaO2/FiO2 >100 mmHg vs. PaO2/FiO2 ≤100 mmHg)分层,采用中央随机系统进行分层区组随机,以1:1:1比例随机分入三组,随访1个月。 盲法: 本试验采用双盲双模拟的方法实施研究,即研究者和研究对象均不知晓所接受干预情况。 观察指标: 1. 主要结局指标:随机后28天内无机械通气时间(VFD),最后一次成功拔管至随机后28天的时间间隔。 2. 主要临床研究过程指标:知情同意率、招募率、招募合格率、方案依从性和随访完成情况。 3. 次要结局指标:28天内病死率,90天内病死率,28天内ICU停留时间,28天内住院时间,28天内无器官支持天数,肺损伤评分,SOFA评分,生物标志物(CRP、IL-6、IL-8、PCT、NLR),血浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)浓度,新发菌感染率(医生判断),二次插管率。 4. 安全性指标:治疗期间发生的不良事件及严重不良事件。
西维来司他钠治疗伴有SIRS的ARDS患者的多中心双盲随机对照临床试验
摘要信息:研究目的: 明确西维来司他钠治疗伴有SIRS的轻中度ARDS的有效性及安全性。 研究内容 本研究通过计算机随机,将伴有SIRS的轻中度ARDS患者随机分为安慰剂组和西维来司他钠组, 观察两组患者入组时(D0), 第1(D1),3(D3),5(D5)天氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2),呼吸频率,28天内有创机械通气率、无机械通气时间、住ICU时间、住院时间、ICU获得性感染发生率、28天全因病死率、ICU病死率等,以评价西维来司他钠治疗伴有SIRS的轻中度ARDS患者肺损伤的效果,以期改善轻中度ARDS患者氧合、增加无机械通气时间、降低ARDS病死率。 纳入标准: (1)18岁≤年龄≤75岁成年病人,其种族、国籍、性别不限; (2)研究符合赫尔辛基宣言及中国临床试验研究法规,病人或其家属知情并同意参加试验; (3)入住ICU依据2012柏林标准诊断ARDS 72 h以内,且氧合指数介于150-300mmHg, 并伴有全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者 (ARDS柏林标准和SIRS诊断标准见附录); 排除标准: (1)慢性呼吸疾病的病史; (2)单纯的心源性肺水肿; (3)APACH2评分≥21分; (4)合并终末期疾病,或者临床主管医生判断近期患者预后不良; (5)ARDS病程>3天; (6)粒细胞缺乏或者接收免疫抑制剂或大剂量激素(甲强龙>40 mg)患者; (7)怀孕或哺乳; (8)曾经参与过本项研究; (9)不同意参加本试验; 主要观察指标: 1) 72 h氧合改善率[(D3氧合指数-D0氧合指数)/D0氧合指数]; 2) 28天无机械通气时间; 次要观察指标: 1) 28天有创机械通气率; 2) 28天住ICU时间; 3) 28天住院时间; 4) 28天全因病死率; 5) ICU病死率; 6)28天获得性感染发生率(定义为:实验室核酸或培养确诊的继发感染); 7)血浆中NE及炎症因子IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平变化; 8)28天严重不良事件频率; 9) D1和D5氧合改善率;
西维来司他钠对老年轻度阻塞性通气功能障碍患者胸腔镜术后肺部并发症的影响
摘要信息:摘 要 目的:探讨西维来司他钠对老年轻度阻塞性通气功能障碍患者胸腔镜手术后肺部并发症的影响。方法:选取择期行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的老年患者 180例,随机分成西维来司他钠组(S组)和乌司他丁组(U组),每组90例。S组静脉泵注西维来司他钠,U组静脉泵注乌司他丁。比较两组至出院前的术后肺部并发症(PPCs)发生情况,麻醉诱导前 10 min (T)、切皮时(T,)、术毕即刻(T,)、术后 24h(T;)及72h(T)时的肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(P DO,)肺泡氧合指数(OI)和呼吸指数(RI);术前和术后2d时的第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV,%)、用力肺活量占预计值的百分比(FVC%)和FEV,FVC;术后气管导管拔管时间、麻醉后恢复室(PACU)入住时间及术后住院时间。结果:S组PACU停留时间短于U组;低氧血症、新出现肺部啰音和支气管痉挛发生率均低于U组;T~4时,PDO,和RI水平低于U组,0I水平高于U组:FEV,%、FVC%和FEV,FVC水平高于U组(P<0.05)。结论:西维来司他钠对老年轻度肺功能障碍患者行胸腔镜手术时具有一定的肺保护作用,可降低 PPCs 的发生。
Sivelestat Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Injury Induced by Inflammatory Response and Improves the Prognosis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Children: An Ambispective Cohort Study
摘要信息:Background:In Asia, Hanta virus (HTNV) results in severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The efficacy of sivelestat in treating children with HTNV-induced HFRS remains unclear. Methods:An ambispective cohort study was performed on children diagnosed with HFRS and hospitalized at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2018 to 2023. Patients who received neutrophil elastin-inhibitor infusion between August 2019 and August 2023 were assigned to the sivelestat group, while patients who did not were assigned to the control group. The independent sample t test was used for inter-group analysis. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability test were used for categorical variables. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between two sets of continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log -Rank test was used to evaluate the difference in cumulative probability of survival between the two groups. Results:No significant differences were observed between the two groups in gender, age, contact history, body mass index, HFRS severity, clinical indexes at admission. Compared to the control group, the sivelestat group exhibited a significant decrease in the interleukin-8 level at 48 h (28.5±3 vs 34.5±3.5) and 72 h (21.3±4.5 vs 31.5±5.6) (P<0.05), as well as the ICAM-1 level at 48 h (553±122 vs 784±187) and 72 h (452±130 vs 623±85) (P<0.05). The concentration of VCAM-1 in the sivelestat group exhibited a consistent downward trend. Moreover, the level of VCAM-1 was significantly lower than that in the control group at 24 h (1760±289 vs 2180±445), 48 h (1450±441 vs 1890±267), and 72 h (1149±338 vs 1500±396) (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the cumulative probability of survival between two groups (P = 0.041). In the secondary outcomes, the sivelestat group demonstrated a decrease in the utilization rate of mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Conclusion:Sivelestat may suppress neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response to reduce endothelial and organ damage, and improve clinical outcomes in children with severe hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome.
Sivelestat improves clinical outcomes and decreases ventilator-associated lung injury in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective cohort study
摘要信息:Background:Sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, is a selective and targeted therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults; and it is also reported to apply to children with ARDS. However, there is little evidence of its efficacy in children. Methods:This study recruited 212 patients ranging in age from 28 days to 18 years old, and who met the diagnostic criteria for pediatric ARDS (PARDS) while hospitalized in the Intensive Care Department of the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. A total of 125 patients (case group) received sivelestat treatment, and 87 were assigned to the control group. There were no significant differences in gender (P=0.445) or age (P=0.521). Control group data were collected from the Electronic Case Information System for pediatric patients diagnosed with ARDS between March 2017 to January 2020. Data for the case group were collected from the Electronic Case Information System between February 2020 to February 2022. Demographic data, clinically relevant indicators, respiratory parameters were recorded. The 28-day mortality was the primary endpoint; the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to evaluate cumulative survival rate. Results:For general demographic and clinical characteristics, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Compared to the control group, the case group displayed significant improvements in PaO2/FiO2at 48 h (141±45 vs. 115±21, P<0.001) and 72 h (169±61 vs. 139±40, P<0.001) post-admission, and plateau pressure was lower than that in the control group at 24 h (24±3 vs. 28±7, P<0.001), 48 h (21±4 vs. 26±7, P<0.001), and 72 h (20±2 vs. 25±6, P<0.001) post-admission. Interleukin-8 levels were lower in the case group at 48 and 72 h post-admission. Overall, 28-day mortality was 25.47% (54/212). Twenty-five children died in the sivelestat group, 29 children died in the control group. Survival analysis revealed that cumulative survival in the case group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.028). Conclusions:ARDS is expected to have high morbidity and mortality in critical care medicine, and precise targeted drugs are lacking. Our study showed that sivelestat improved prognosis and reduces mortality in children with ARDS.
Sivelestat attenuates lung injury in surgery for congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension
摘要信息:Background:Pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease increases the risk of surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Sivelestat is a neutrophil elastase inhibitor thought to have a prophylactic effect against lung injury after surgery using bypass. We elucidated that Sivelestat had the protective effect on lung in patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension who underwent surgery using bypass. Methods:This study was a controlled prospective randomized trial and enrolled 13 neonates or infants with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. The patients were assigned to either sivelestat with the dose of 0.2 mg/kg per hour (sivelestat group, n = 7) or saline (placebo group, n = 6) from the start of bypass until 6 hours after bypass. Proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules on leukocytes were measured at 10 time points during the above period. Pulmonary function was assessed perioperatively. Results:Compared with the placebo group, the sivelestat group had significantly lower values of alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient at 24 hours (p = 0.038) and at 48 hours (p = 0.028) after bypass, and significantly better balance of hydration at 48 hours after bypass (p = 0.012). The sivelestat group also showed significantly lower plasma levels of interleukin-8 immediately after bypass (p = 0.041) and interleukin-10 at 15 minutes after removal of the aortic cross-clamp (p = 0.048), and immediately after bypass (p = 0.037). Conclusions:Administration of sivelestat during bypass prevented pulmonary damage and activities of proinflammatory cytokines at the cardiac operation in neonates or infants. Our results show that sivelestat may be considered to protect pulmonary function against the injury by bypass. Keywords: 20; ANOVA; Aa-Do(2); CK-MB; CPB; ELAM-1; ICAM-1; ICU; IL; PH; PMN; PaO2/FiO2; Pp/Ps; Qp/Qs; Rp/Rs; VSD; alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient; analysis of variance; cardiopulmonary bypass; creatine kinase-myocardial band; endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1; intensive care unit; intercellular adhesion molecule-1; interleukin; polymorphonuclear; pulmonary hypertension; ratio of pulmonary to systemic arterial blood flow; ratio of pulmonary to systemic arterial systolic pressure; ratio of pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance; ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen; ventricular septal defect.
西维来司他钠联合一氧化氮吸入成功救治爆发型百草枯中毒1例
摘要信息:百草枯是一种高效能剧毒性接触型除草剂,中毒者临床病死率高,中毒表现以急性肺损伤为主,同时伴有肝、肾等多器官损伤,经口服中毒者病死率高达50%~70%[1-2],多数死于呼吸衰竭,目前无特效解毒药。百草枯致死摄入剂量约为20~40 mg/kg,相当于5~15 mL 20%百草枯水溶液[3],口服量大于40 mL百草枯水溶液属于爆发型中毒患者[4],多在1 d内出现肺水肿,数小时至数天内发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征或多器官功能衰竭,多数1~4 d内死亡,临床存活率极低。本例患者口服百草枯约100 mL,属于爆发型中毒患者,转入院时已出现严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征,应用西维来司他钠及一氧化氮(NO)吸入等联合疗法成功救治并康复出院,属极为罕见病例,现报道如下,仅供临床参考。
Treatment with sivelestat sodium of acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by chemical pneumonitis: A report of three cases
摘要信息:Inhalation of acid fumes and aspiration of liquid substances or gastric contents may not initiate dyspnea within several hours after exposure but may result in delayed onset of alveolar edema. The present report presents three cases of inhalation or aspiration of chemical substances that resulted in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Due to different underlying reasons, three patients developed ARDS resulting from chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary infection. From patients with dyspnea, dry rales could be heard in both lungs, with <92% percutaneous oxygen saturation at room air. All patients were treated using a high-flow nasal cannula and sivelestat sodium. Oxygenation gradually improved and the patients were discharged without adverse events. These cases suggest that early treatment with sivelestat sodium may improve the clinical outcomes of patients with ARDS.