摘要信息：百草枯是一种高效能剧毒性接触型除草剂，中毒者临床病死率高，中毒表现以急性肺损伤为主，同时伴有肝、肾等多器官损伤，经口服中毒者病死率高达50%～70%[1-2]，多数死于呼吸衰竭，目前无特效解毒药。百草枯致死摄入剂量约为20～40 mg/kg，相当于5～15 mL 20%百草枯水溶液[3]，口服量大于40 mL百草枯水溶液属于爆发型中毒患者[4]，多在1 d内出现肺水肿，数小时至数天内发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征或多器官功能衰竭，多数1～4 d内死亡，临床存活率极低。本例患者口服百草枯约100 mL，属于爆发型中毒患者，转入院时已出现严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征，应用西维来司他钠及一氧化氮（NO）吸入等联合疗法成功救治并康复出院，属极为罕见病例，现报道如下，仅供临床参考。

摘要信息：Inhalation of acid fumes and aspiration of liquid substances or gastric contents may not initiate dyspnea within several hours after exposure but may result in delayed onset of alveolar edema. The present report presents three cases of inhalation or aspiration of chemical substances that resulted in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Due to different underlying reasons, three patients developed ARDS resulting from chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary infection. From patients with dyspnea, dry rales could be heard in both lungs, with <92% percutaneous oxygen saturation at room air. All patients were treated using a high-flow nasal cannula and sivelestat sodium. Oxygenation gradually improved and the patients were discharged without adverse events. These cases suggest that early treatment with sivelestat sodium may improve the clinical outcomes of patients with ARDS.

摘要信息：【摘 要】 目的 观察西维来司他钠联合气道压力释放通气(APRV)在创伤所致重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2021年1月一2022年12月厦门市海沧医院收治的创伤所致重度 ARDS 患者 80 例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各 40 例。在常规对症处理基础上,对照组予 APRV 治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用注射用西维来司他钠治疗,2组均持续治疗1周。比较2组患者预后情况(机械通气时间、ICU 住院时间和病死率),治疗前后炎性因子[白介素-6(1L-6)、降钙素原(PCT)、C 反应蛋白(CRP)]、血气指标[二氧化碳分压(PaC0,)、动脉血氧分压(Pa0,)、Pa0,/Fi0,]和肺功能[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV,)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV,FVC]。结果 观察组病死率为2.50%,低于对照组的22.50%( =7.314,P=0.007);观察组机械通气时间与 ICU住院时间均短于对照组(P 均<0.01);治疗1周后,2 组 Ⅱ-6、PCT、CRP、PaC0,水平均较治疗前降低,Pa0,、Pa0,FiO,、FEV,、FVC、FEV,/FVC 均较治疗前升高,且观察组降低或升高的程度大于对照组(P均<0.01)。结论 西维来司他钠联合 APRV 在创伤所致重度 ARDS 治疗中应用效果较好,能改善患者血气指标,减轻炎性反应,提升肺功能,进而促进其快速康复,利于改善疾病预后。

摘要信息：Background:Acryloyl chloride is a highly toxic volatile liquid that can cause pulmonary edema. However, no sufficient treatment reports have been published to date. Here, we report a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by acryloyl chloride inhalation. Case presentation:The patient was a 36-year-old man with accidental exposure to acryloyl chloride. The patient had dyspnea and wet cough, with approximately 88% percutaneous oxygen saturation at room air. He was diagnosed with ARDS and admitted to the intensive care unit. Initially, he was treated with a high-flow nasal cannula and sivelestat sodium. However, due to the possibility of delayed exacerbation, the patient was switched to methylprednisolone. Oxygenation gradually improved, and the patient was discharged on the day 8 of hospitalization. Conclusion:We report the case of a patient who developed ARDS with delayed exacerbation after the inhalation of acryloyl chloride, which was treated without endotracheal intubation.

摘要信息：硝酸和氢氟酸等强酸性物质具有很强的氧化性,被广泛应用于工业生产中,强酸吸入引起化学性肺炎偶见报道。严重的化学性肺炎会引起急性肺水肿，出现危及生命的急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acuterespiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)。目前针对化学性肺炎的治疗不仅缺乏统一标准，而且强烈依赖于激素、抗感染等传统治疗方案。西维来司他钠为新型 ARDS 治疗药物,其面世弥补了 ARDS 临床治疗手段的匮乏。本文报道了1例早期应用西维来司他钠成功治疗硝酸氢氟酸混合物吸入致ARDS 的病例，以分享救治体会。

摘要信息：Background: We aimed to assess the efficacy of the neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat, in the treatment of sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic cardiomyopathy (SCM). Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2021, we conducted a randomized trial on patients who had been diagnosed with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) at Wuhan Union Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups by random envelop method, the Sivelestat group and the Control group. We measured the serum concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) at five time points, which were the baseline, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after admission to the ICU. We evaluated the cardiac function by sonography and the heart rate variability (HRV) with 24-hour Holter recording between the time of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 72 h after Sivelestat treatment. Results: From January 2019 to December 2021, a total of 70 patients were included in this study. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly lower in the Sivelestat group at different time points (12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). HMGB1 levels were significantly lower at 72 h after Sivelestat treatment (19.46 ± 2.63pg/mL vs. 21.20 ± 2.03pg/mL, P = 0.003). The stroke volume (SV), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), early to late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E/A), early (e') and late (a') diastoles were significantly low in the Control group compared with the Sivelestat group. Tei index was high in the Control group compared with the Sivelestat group (0.60 ± 0.08 vs. 0.56 ± 0.07, P = 0.029). The result of HRV showed significant differences in standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), low frequency (LF), and LF/HF (high frequency) between the two groups. Conclusions: Sivelestat can significantly reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors, improve cardiac function, and reduce heart rate variability in patients with Sepsis-induced ARDS and SCM.

摘要信息：目的 观察西维来司他钠联合乌司他丁治疗脓毒症所致急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的临床疗效。方法 选取2020年1月至2023年5月本院收治的104例脓毒症所致ARDS患者,经计算机随机数字生成器分为对照组(常规治疗+西维来司他钠)、联合组(常规治疗+西维来司他钠+乌司他丁),各52例。比较治疗前后两组Murray肺损伤评分(MLIS)评分、序贯器官功能衰竭(SOFA)评分、血管外肺水指数(ELWI)、动脉血氧分压/吸氧浓度分数(Pa0,i0,)、白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)内皮细胞特异性分子(ESM-1)、可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(suPAR)及白细胞介素-6(ⅡL-6)水平:比较两组恢复速度、预后情况及不良反应。结果 对照组、联合组治疗前MLIS评分、SOFA评分ELII、PaO.F;O,、WBC、NEUT%、ESM-1、SUPAR及I-6水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后联合组MLIS评分、SOFA评分、ELWI、WBC、NEUT%、ESM-1、suPAR及I6水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)Pa0,/Fi0,高于对照组(P<0.05);联合组机械通气时间、ICU住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05).28 d病死率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗期间均未发生严重不良反应。结论 西维来司他钠联合乌司他丁应用于脓毒症所致ARDS 中可减轻患者肺损伤及炎症反应,加快恢复,改善肺功能及预后,且安全性高。

摘要信息：To investigate the effects of neutrophil elastase inhibitor (sivelestat sodium) on gastrointestinal function in sepsis. A reanalysis of the data from previous clinical trials conducted at our center was performed. Septic patients were divided into either the sivelestat group or the non-sivelestat group. The gastrointestinal dysfunction score (GIDS), feeding intolerance (FI) incidence, serum levels of intestinal barrier function and inflammatory biomarkers were recorded. The clinical severity and outcome variables were also documented. A total of 163 septic patients were included. The proportion of patients with GIDS ≥2 in the sivelestat group was reduced relative to that in the non-sivelestat group (9.6% vs. 22.5%, p = 0.047) on the 7th day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The FI incidence was also remarkably reduced in the sivelestat group in contrast to that in the non-sivelestat group (21.2% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.034). Furthermore, the sivelestat group had fewer days of FI [4 (3, 4) vs. 5 (4-6), p = 0.008]. The serum levels of d-lactate (p = 0.033), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (p = 0.005), interleukin-6 (p = 0.001), white blood cells (p = 0.007), C-reactive protein (p = 0.001), and procalcitonin (p < 0.001) of the sivelestat group were lower than those of the non-sivelestat group. The sivelestat group also demonstrated longer ICU-free days [18 (0-22) vs. 13 (0-17), p = 0.004] and ventilator-free days [22 (1-24) vs. 16 (1-19), p = 0.002] compared with the non-sivelestat group. In conclusion, sivelestat sodium administration appears to improve gastrointestinal dysfunction, mitigate dysregulated inflammation, and reduce disease severity in septic patients.

摘要信息：Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of preventable death around the world. Population-based estimation of sepsis incidence is lacking in China. In this study, we aimed to estimate the population-based incidence and geographic variation of hospitalized sepsis in China. Methods: We retrospectively identified hospitalized sepsis from the nationwide National Data Center for Medical Service (NDCMS) and the National Mortality Surveillance System (NMSS) by ICD-10 codes for the period from 2017 to 2019. In-hospital sepsis case fatality and mortality rate were calculated to extrapolate the national incidence of hospitalized sepsis. The geographic distribution of hospitalized sepsis incidence was examined using Global Moran's Index. Results: We identified 9,455,279 patients with 10,682,625 implicit-coded sepsis admissions in NDCMS and 806,728 sepsis-related deaths in NMSS. We estimated that the annual standardized incidence of hospitalized sepsis was 328.25 (95% CI 315.41-341.09), 359.26 (95% CI 345.4-373.12) and 421.85 (95% CI 406.65-437.05) cases per 100,000 in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. We observed 8.7% of the incidences occurred among neonates less than 1 year old, 11.7% among children aged 1-9 years, and 57.5% among elderly older than 65 years. Significant spatial autocorrelation for incidence of hospitalized sepsis was observed across China (Moran's Index 0.42, p = 0.001; 0.45, p = 0.001; 0.26, p = 0.011 for 2017, 2018, 2019, respectively). Higher number of hospital bed supply and higher disposable income per capita were significantly associated with a higher incidence of hospitalized sepsis. Conclusion: Our study showed a greater burden of sepsis hospitalizations than previous estimated. The geographical disparities suggested more efforts were needed in prevention of sepsis.

摘要信息：【摘要】 目的 探讨西维来司他钠治疗伴有急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的脓毒症患者的效果。方法 选择河南科技大学第一附属医院 2021 年3 月至2022 年12 月收治的88 例伴有 ARDS 的脓毒症患者作为研究对象,采用双色球法分为对照组与观察组,每组44 例,对照组采用常规治疗,观祭组采用常规治疗联合西维来司他钠,比较两组炎症因子、肺损伤评分、序贯器官衰竭评分、急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHE-I)、血小板计数(PLT)、氧合指数、机械通气时间与 14d病死率。结果 治疗前,两组炎症因子、PLT、氧合指数、肺损伤评分、序贯器官衰竭评分、APACHE-I评分比较,差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组炎症因子、肺损伤评分、序贯器官衰竭评分、APACHE-Ⅱ评分低于对照组,PLT、氧合指数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05):观察组机械通气时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组病死率比较,差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 西维来司他钠用于伴有 ARDS 的脓毒症患者的治疗中,与常规治疗方案比较,可更好地改善肺损伤,避免器官衰竭,提升患者的健康状况,同时还能更好地减轻炎症反应,缩短机械通气时间。